One member calls for a for a for a same-sex couple.
Another calls for court interventions by the Department of Justice on behalf of Amish parents fighting New York vaccine requirements and Catholic nuns challenging that state鈥檚 requirement that they accommodate hospice patients鈥� gender identities.
And the chair of the is calling for a federal hotline with this automated recording: 鈥淭here is no separation of church and state.鈥�
These are just some of the recommendations that formed by President Donald Trump last year want to see included in the commission鈥檚 final report.
That report is still in the works, but commissioners had an opportunity to describe their wish lists during their most recent meeting in April. There was little dissent as the commissioners, most drawn from of conservative Christian supporters, covered the items they want in the report.
Their ideas reflect the prevailing perspectives on the definition of religious liberty among many conservative Catholic and evangelical activists: increasing avenues for religious expression in public schools; expanding opportunities for faith-based organizations to receive public money; and allowing for religious-based exemptions in areas ranging from labor law to classroom lessons to healthcare mandates.
Such views have also been reflected in decisions issued in recent years by its conservative majority.
Commission criticized for narrow views
Critics of the commission say it embodies a one-sided perspective of Trump鈥檚 supporters and is threatening a well-established constitutional separation of church and state, despite the chair’s claims.
A lawsuit by a progressive interreligious coalition argues that the commission fails to comply with federal law requiring advisory panels to feature diverse members and viewpoints.
The lawsuit echoes criticism that are conservative Christian clerics and commentators; one is an Orthodox Jewish rabbi. The coalition says members have asserted that America is specifically a Judeo-Christian or and notes that most commission meetings took place at the Museum of the Bible in Washington, an institution with Christian leadership.
The Republican administration is asking a federal court to dismiss the lawsuit. The government is citing legal technicalities and contending the law does not define how a commission should be fairly balanced or whose viewpoints should be represented.
Another entity created by Trump 鈥� the Task Force to 鈥� issued a report saying Christians faced discrimination under the administration of Democratic President Joe Biden in areas such as education, tax law and prosecution of anti-abortion protesters. Progressive groups said that report failed to document systemic discrimination, focused on causes favored by conservative Christians and amounted to advocacy rather than an investigation.
In a further interlocking of Trump-related initiatives, several members of the Religious Liberty Commission are scheduled to take part in a May 17 prayer event marking the country鈥檚 upcoming 250th birthday. Several also participated in a recent staged largely at the Museum of the Bible.
Harmony and tension within the commission
The commission has mostly featured agreement among members, with one dramatic exception. One commissioner, Carrie Prejean Boller, after a contentious hearing on antisemitism.
Commission Chair Dan Patrick said Prejean Boller sought to 鈥渉ijack鈥� the hearing, in which she had sharp exchanges with witnesses about the definition of antisemitism and defended commentator Candace Owens, denying her record of antisemitic statements. Prejean Boller, a Catholic, contended she was wrongly ousted for expressing her beliefs.
In other hearings, witnesses described how they defied workplace regulations that they said conflicted with their conservative religious values on gender, abortion, COVID-19 vaccines and more. Some said they were prevented, at least temporarily, from displaying a religious symbol at work or trying to sing a Christian song at a school talent show.
At the hearing devoted to antisemitism, Jewish witnesses spoke of being harassed and threatened at against Israel. The commission has also heard from some Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and other witnesses.
Even so, critics said the commission mostly focused on conservative Christian and right-leaning political grievances.
The Rev. Paul Brandeis Raushenbush, president of the progressive Interfaith Alliance, one of the groups suing over the commission鈥檚 composition, said the panel鈥檚 omissions are as significant as what it focuses on.
He said the commission has failed adequately to address such issues as anti-Muslim efforts in Texas and elsewhere, and also the rise of antisemitism on the right, not just the left.
Separation of church and state debate
Raushenbush said he is especially worried about the commission chair’s challenging the very notion of church-state separation.
Patrick, a Republican who is the Texas lieutenant governor, repeatedly denounced a concept that is embedded in Supreme Court precedent.
鈥淲e need to say there is no separation of church and state,鈥� Patrick said at the April meeting. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 a lie.鈥� He suggested printing 鈥渁 million bumper stickers鈥� to that effect.
No one at the commission meeting disagreed.
Trump made similar comments at a prayer event at the White House in 2025. 鈥淭hey say separation between church and state,鈥� Trump said. 鈥淚 said, all right, let鈥檚 forget about that for one time.鈥�
While the phrase 鈥渟eparation of church and state鈥� does not appear in the Constitution, 20th-century decisions by the Supreme Court cited Thomas Jefferson’s description of the First Amendment as creating 鈥渁 wall of separation between church and state.” The court applied the First Amendment’s prohibition of any church 鈥渆stablishment鈥� to the states in addition to the federal government, citing the 14th Amendment’s ban on states denying citizens鈥� rights.
Courts have since wrestled with how to balance freedom of religion and freedom from government-sponsored religion.
Concerns touch on schools, vaccines, workplaces and more
Patrick has advocated for prayer and Ten Commandments postings in public schools.
鈥淚 don鈥檛 have any malice towards anyone that doesn鈥檛 believe in any type of faith,鈥� Patrick told fellow commissioners. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 fine. That鈥檚 what America is about. But these organizations that are pushed by some ideology and pushed by someone鈥檚 bank account who wants to remove God from our country? We need to push back.鈥�
On other issues, various commissioners called for requiring schools and workplaces to post notices of the rights of religious expression and exemptions.
Some called for restoring full pay and pension benefits for military service members who were discharged for refusing COVID-19 vaccines.
Bishop Robert Barron of the Catholic Diocese of Winona-Rochester, Minnesota, called for enabling religious groups such as Catholic Charities to receive federal money without compromising on traditional church teachings about the family.
He also said Catholic immigrants in detention should have humane treatment and access to sacraments and that immigration agents should not disrupt worship services in enforcement actions. The administration last year eliminated a policy against immigration enforcement in sanctuaries, which other religious leaders said should not occur at any time.
Kelly Shackelford, president and chief executive officer of the legal organization First Liberty Institute, called for new requirements that governments pay all legal bills if they lose a religious liberty case. He said many individuals lack the money to challenge the government in court.
鈥淭hat would be a huge shifting of power in favor of citizens,鈥� he said.
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