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Editor鈥檚 Note: An earlier version of this story indicated that Maryland police agencies failed to voluntarily report hate crime statistics to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. All state police agencies report that information to the Maryland State Police, and the information is forwarded to the FBI. This story was updated Sept. 4.聽
Hate crimes in Maryland more than doubled in 2020, the Federal Bureau of Investigations reported this week.
The 2020 numbers reported by the聽聽demonstrate a concerning trend: Until 2020, hate crimes had declined in the state in the last few years, with only 19 reported to the federal agency in 2019.
In 2020, the FBI shows a 286% increase in crimes committed against people in Maryland based on their race, ethnicity or ancestry from 2019 to 2020.
Of the 40 crimes Maryland police departments reported to the federal agency in 2020, 27 were motivated by race and ethnicity: 14 committed against Black people, five against white people, four against people who identify with multiple races, three against Hispanic people and one against an Asian person.
鈥淲e need to use the law to do what we can to try to prevent these crimes,鈥� Sen. Jill P. Carter (D-Baltimore City) said when asked about the FBI鈥檚 2020 report Tuesday. 鈥淧revention is more powerful than punishment.鈥�
The FBI report showed that hate crimes nationally reached their聽, with 7,759 cases in 2020 across the U.S., though that figure is widely believed to be under-reported.
But the numbers reflected on the FBI鈥檚 website are much lower those included in the Maryland State Police Hate Bias Report, which captures both criminal and non-criminal bias incidents, and may provide a more complete picture of hate-based harassment in the state.
For example, Maryland law enforcement agencies reported just 19 hate crimes to the FBI in 2019. But according to the聽, 385 hate bias incidents were reported to law enforcement, 86 of which were verified upon police investigation.
The Maryland State Police report also includes incidents that are verified, inconclusive or unfounded; only verified crimes are reported to the FBI.
The state鈥檚聽聽protects individuals based on their race, color, national origin, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, disability gender and housing status.
Under Maryland law, a person can be charged with a hate crime for committing or threatening to commit a crime against a person or group; defacing, damaging, destroying or burning someone鈥檚 property; or following through with any of these acts in conjunction with a felony or other crime that results in a person鈥檚 death.
Law enforcement agencies across the country submit crime statistics to the FBI through its聽.
Under Maryland聽, each of the state鈥檚 153 police departments and the State Fire Marshall is required to submit all information relating to hate crimes to the Maryland State Police for analysis. The State Police sends UCR reports to the FBI on behalf of all state agencies.
According to a聽聽published on the FBI Crime Data Explorer website, 14 police agencies submitted reports of verified hate crimes to the FBI in 2020: the Annapolis Police Department; the Anne Arundel County Police Department; the Baltimore County Police Department; the University of Maryland Baltimore County Police Department; the Frederick County Sheriff鈥檚 Office; the Harford County Sheriff鈥檚 Office; the Maryland National Capital Park Police; the Montgomery County Police Department; the Greenbelt Police Department; the Prince George鈥檚 County Police Department; the Bowie Police Department; the St. Mary鈥檚 College Office of Public Safety; the Maryland State Police; and the Baltimore Police Department.
Maryland State Police Spokesperson Elena Russo said that the 2020 Hate Bias report will be published online on Oct. 1.
Only 10 Maryland law enforcement agencies reported hate crimes to the FBI in 2019; 27 local and county-level police departments reported hate bias incidents to the State Police that year. Six incidents were reported to unidentified multi-jurisdictional agencies.
Notably, the Howard County Police Department reported 49 hate-bias incidents to the State Police in 2019 鈥� more than two-and-a-half times what the FBI reported for the whole state.
鈥淚 take these numbers with a grain of salt because I know, just anecdotally 鈥� that these crimes are just underreported,鈥� Sen. Shelly Hettleman (D-Baltimore County) said during a phone interview Tuesday afternoon.
Hettleman and Del. Vaughn Stuart (D-Montgomery) successfully sponsored聽聽during the 2021 session that will allow judges to include anti-bias education courses when sentencing people convicted of hate crimes.
鈥淪o any increase is alarming, but when you know that they鈥檙e underreported you know that it means that there鈥檚 just that much more,鈥� Hettleman said.
Carter and Del. Carl Jackson (D-Baltimore County) co-sponsored聽聽to expand the definition of a hate crime during the 2021 legislative session to include making false police reports against an individual on the basis of their immutable traits. The bill passed the House, but not through the Senate.
鈥淚 want to emphasize that it鈥檚 important to be proactive and not reactive to these kinds of crimes because if we鈥檙e being reactive, that means someone was being affected by these type[s] of crimes where we could have been proactive and chances are it wouldn鈥檛 have happened at all,鈥� Jackson said.
